Ovarian Cancer is a disease produced by the rapid growth and division of cells within one or both ovaries—reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, and the female sex hormones are made.
Ovarian cancer is not a single disease. There are actually more than 30 types and subtypes of ovarian malignancies, each with its own histopathologic (diseased tissue) appearance and biologic behavior.
Causes of Ovarian Cancer :
- More research is needed to find out whether the risk of ovarian cancer is increased by: having fertility treatment, having hormone replacement therapy (HRT), being overweight or obese
- Studies have shown that ovarian cancer may be less common in women who: have used the contraceptive pill, have had children, have breastfed their children, have had a hysterectomy.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer :
- Vague indigestion, nausea, excess gas (wind) and a bloated, full feeling
- Unexplained weight gain
- Swelling in the abdomen – this may be due to a build up of fluid, known as ascites, which can cause shortness of breath
- Pain in the lower abdomen
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits, such as constipation, diarrhoea or needing to pass urine more often
- Lower back pain
- Pain during sex
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding, although this is rare.
Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer :
- Pelvic exam (for Ovarian Cancer)
- Ultrasound
- CA-125 assay (for Ovarian Cancer)
- Lower GI series, or barium enema
- CT (or CAT) scan
- Biopsy
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